MariaDB
Transactional SQL database, an enhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL.
Transactional SQL database, an enhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL.
MariaDB server is a community-developed, open source relational database, and an enhanced, drop-in replacement for MySQL. To learn more about MariaDB, visit the upstream feature page, and to see the main differences from MySQL, see the compatibility documentation.
MariaDB is the preferred MySQL implementation in Fedora. It can usually be used instead of MySQL as a drop-in replacement in most practical cases. However, if you need Community MySQL, it is available as the mysql8.4 package in Fedora repositories.
Fedora ships only the LTS releases of MariaDB. Currently, several versions are available in parallel, each in its own versioned package (e.g. mariadb10.11, mariadb11.8).
Only one version in each Fedora release is set as the “distribution default”, which provides the classic unversioned package names (e.g. mariadb, mariadb-server).
To see which MariaDB versions are available in your Fedora release:
$ dnf search mariadb | grep server
Note: Available versions may differ between Fedora releases. Rawhide may offer newer versions than the current stable release.
To install the distribution default version of MariaDB server:
$ sudo dnf install mariadb-server
In order to install a specific version, use the versioned package names:
$ sudo dnf install mariadb11.8-server
If you need to connect to the MariaDB server using a GUI, install phpMyAdmin:
$ sudo dnf install phpMyAdmin
Or install LibreOffice Base with the JDBC connector for MariaDB:
$ sudo dnf install libreoffice-base mariadb-java-client
For connecting to the MariaDB server using ODBC:
$ sudo dnf install mariadb-connector-odbc
MariaDB runs on port 3306 by default and creates a local unix socket at /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock. Data is stored in /var/lib/mysql and logs are located under /var/log/mariadb/. When changing these directories, pay attention to use the correct SELinux context and owner.
The data directory is initialized automatically during the first start. To start MariaDB server:
$ sudo systemctl start mariadb
To start MariaDB automatically after reboot:
$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb
The root user has no password set by default and connects via unix socket authentication:
$ mysql -u root
Configuration of both client and server is done by editing files /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf and any files under /etc/my.cnf.d/ with .cnf suffix. For more information, see the upstream documentation.
When developing an application that uses MariaDB, developers typically create a dedicated database and user:
$ sudo systemctl start mariadb
$ sudo systemctl enable mariadb
$ sudo mysql -u root
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'valeria'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secretpass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON db1.* TO 'valeria'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
After that, access the database by running:
$ mysql -u valeria -p
By specifying -p without a password, you will be asked for the password interactively.
In various frameworks or libraries, you will usually use the username, password and database to access the database.
When running MariaDB in production, pay extra attention to security:
By default, MariaDB cannot be accessed from another computer. To allow remote access:
Allow connections on port 3306:
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
Allow listening on all interfaces (or your preferred network interface) by adding this configuration option:
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
To change configuration, create a file under /etc/my.cnf.d/. The following example shows /etc/my.cnf.d/myconfig.cnf with commonly changed options:
# The maximum permitted number of simultaneous client connections:
max_connections = 20
# The minimum length of the word to be included in a FULLTEXT index:
ft_min_word_len = 3
# The maximum length of the word to be included in a FULLTEXT index:
ft_max_word_len = 20
# In case the native AIO is broken, it can be disabled by:
innodb_use_native_aio = 0
# Log slow queries:
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = "/var/log/mariadb/slowquery.log"
# Log all queries (e.g. for debugging):
general_log = 1
general_log_file = "/var/log/mariadb/query.log"
After changing the configuration, restart the daemon: $ sudo systemctl restart mariadb.
For the proper TLS setup, you should first add a TLS certificate to your system.
MariaDB Galera Cluster is a synchronous multi-master cluster for MariaDB.
To install MariaDB Galera server:
$ sudo dnf install mariadb-server-galera
MariaDB Galera uses several packages from base MariaDB and provides the same service name. To start MariaDB Galera:
$ sudo systemctl start mariadb
$ podman pull quay.io/fedora/mariadb-118
For other versions, see available images at quay.io/organization/fedora.
MariaDB Connect Storage Engine enables MariaDB to access external local or remote data (MED):
$ sudo dnf install mariadb-connect-engine
The Open Query GRAPH computation engine (OQGraph):
$ sudo dnf install mariadb-oqgraph-engine
MariaDB server is also available as a dynamic library (libmysqld.so) in the package mariadb-embedded. Header files for building applications against this library are in mariadb-embedded-devel.
However, the use of the embedded library is discouraged. MySQL 8 dropped the embedded library and MariaDB is expected to follow in the same direction.
Authors: Adam Samalik, FaramosCZ, Honza Horak, Michal Schorm, antoninmrkvica